MODULAR
 =======
 Program for generating modular structures (prismatic, pyramidal, pyramidal frustum)
 For NELSAS program.

 Input Data:
 
 I. BASE MODULE:
 This is defined as a right prism.
 1) Number of Nodes
 2) Node coordinates

 II. EXPANSION
 1) Direction
 2) Number of moduli
 3) Expansion type: prismatic; pyramidal.

 III) Basis:
 The basis are consideres with respect to the expansion direction (watcher to DIR+)
 Baza0 =Lower Basis 
 Baza0 =Upper Basis

 In the input file:
 ngl  = No. of degrees of freedom
 nnBaza0 = No. of nodes in the lower base POLYGON (Base0)
 nnBaza1 = No. of nodes in the upper base POLYGON (Base1) = current
 nn = No. of nodes

 dir = Expansion direction, i.e.: X, Y, Z.
 nModule = No. of modules
 lmodul = Module length in direction "dir".
 iType = Expansion type: 1 =prismatic; 2= pyramidal frustum; 3 = prism - shrink along a direction.
 ratio = Base1/Base0 size ratio.
 xFoot = Coordinates of pyramid vertex foot (in Baze0).

 III. CONNECTIVITY
 1) Number of elements
 2) (Oriented) Element index: initial node; final node.
 
 
 Data from the Input file, except data 14-15, refer to base module, namely:
 
 0) Commentaries: // ...
 1) Problem title: max. 80 characters.
 2) Number of degrees of freedom (2/3); nnBaza0; nnBaza1
 3) Text_Line: Example: "Coordinates"
 4) Node, coordinates
 5) Text_Line: Example: "Expansion"
 6) Expansion direction: X, Y, Z
 7) Number of modules; Modulus length; iTip: 1=prismatic; 2=pyramidal frustum; 3 = prism - shrink along a direction

 8)  If iType ==2:
 8a) Ratio = Base1/Base0 size ratio;
 8b) Coordinates of pyramid vertex foot (in Baze0).

 9)  If iType ==3:
 9a) Shrink_ratio = Reduction ratio in direction "dir_shrink" (may be greater than one, too);
 9b) Dir_shrink = Reduction direction (may be other than "Expansion direction" - data 6)
 
 10) If iType ==4:
 10a) Arch Type: 1=circular; 2 =parabolic.
 10b) l (half-span)
 10c) h (height).

 11) Text_Line: Example: "Topology"
 12) Number of elements - in base modululus
 13) Element index; initial node ; final node
 
 The next data refer to the structure:
 14) Number of types (this is <=4)
 14-1a) Name of type 1 (text <= 40 characters)
 14-1b) Cross-sectional area for type 1
 14-2a) Name of type 2 (text)
 14-2b) Cross-sectional area for type 2
 14-3a) Name of type 3 (text)
 14-3b) Cross-sectional area for type 3
 14-4a) Name of type 4 (text)
 14-4b) Cross-sectional area for type 4


 Examples: see Files:
 "TestZ.dat" (iType =1); "TestZ-Piramida.dat" (iType =2); "TestZ-Xshrink.dat" (iType =3).


 NOTE-1: Base Modulus
 --------------------
 For a pyramid frustum (and for an arch): the BASE MODULE is defined as a RIGHT PRISM, too.
 Pyramid frustum: The program generates coordinates "x(1:ngl)" also for Base1 - according to "ratio".
 In the save file: 
 For nodes in Base1: the initial coordinates are saved (xBaza)= as for the prism.

 
 NOTE-2: Nodes Numbering (Base Module):
 --------------------------------------
 Nodes in Base0: are numbered with the FIRST INDICES: 1, 2, ..., nnBaza0.
 Nodes in Base1:
 - Are numbered IN THE SAME SENSE as in Base0.
 - With the FIRST INDICES, that is, nnBaza0+1, ..., 2*nnBaza0, one numbers the nodes that correspond
   to nodes in Base0 - in the expansion direction.
 - With the next indices: intermediate nodes (in which come diagonals).


 Example: nnBaza0 =3; nnBaz1 =5; Extindere =Y.
 The first 3 indices of nodes in Base1 "4;5;6": correspond respectively to nodes "1;2;3" din Baza0.

 ^ Y
 |
 |
 4-----7------5------8-----6	Base1
 |    / \     |     / \    |
 |  /     \   |   /     \  |
 |/         \ | /         \|
 1------------2------------3	Base0	----->X

 
 NOTE-3: Elements Numbering (Base module)
 ---------------------------------------
 - FIRST INDICES: are assigned to the elements parallel to the expansion direction.
 - Next indices: elements in Base1;
 - Next indices: diagonal elements (prefered orientation: Base0 -> Base1).
 - Next indices: cross-section diagonals.
 - LAST INDICES: elements in Base0.

 Example: nelBase =13; nel0 =2
 
 ^ Y (Expansion)
 |
 |
 o--4--o--5---o--6---o--7--o	Base1
 |    / \     |     / \    |
 1  8     9   2   10    11 3
 |/         \ | /         \|
 o----12------o-----13-----o	Base0


 NOTE-4: Nodes and Elements Numbering (Structure):
 -------------------------------------------------
 NODES:
 - Nodes are numbered succesively in modules, according to the rules for Base Module nubering.
 - An option allows to re-number the nodes, such that the last indices be assigned to nodes in Base0 of
   the Base Module.
 
 ELEMENTS:
 The program numbers the elements, assigning:
 - First indices to elements of type 1: in the expansion direction (longitudinal)
 - Next indices to elements of type  2: orthogonal to the expansion direction (transversal)
 - Next indices to elements of type  3: longitudinal diagonals.
 - Next indices to elements of type  4: cross-section diagonals.
 - Last indices to: elements in Base0.

 Note: The elements in the base module are re-numbered, according to the above rules.

 NOTE-5: Coordinates Axes:
 -----------------------
 - Plane Structure (ngl=2): The vertical axis is axis Y; Orientation: "upward".
 - Space Structure (ngl=3): The vertical axis is axis Z;  Orientation: "upward". 
   Axis X: oriented "rightward"; Axis Y: oriented "forward".
xxx


 EXAMPLE of INPUT FILE (Modular-Z-Diag-K.dat):
 ---------------------
// Bases = rectangle 2x2; heigth =2
// Expansion: Z direction
// 3 modules
// Modulus length =2
// Expansion type = 1 (prismatic)
//
Test for Z expansion - Tower with K diagonals + horizontal diagonals
3	4	8
Coordinates:
1	0	0	0
2	2	0	0
3	2	2	0
4	0	2	0

5	0	0	2
6	2	0	2
7	2	2	2
8	0	2	2
9	1	0	2
10	2	1	2
11	1	2	2
12	0	1	2
Expansion:
Z
3	2.	1
Topology
24
1	1	5
2	2	6
3	3	7
4	4	8

5	5	9
6	9	6
7	6	10
8	10	7
9	7	11
10	11	8
11	8	12
12	12	5

13	1	9
14	9	2
15	2	10
16	10	3
17	3	11
18	11	4
19	4	12
20	12	1
21	9	10
22	10	11
23	11	12
24	12	9
3
Longitudinal
3.
Transversal
2.                          
Diagonal
1.
Horizontal Diagonal
0.5
==========
February 2003